1.明確監(jian)理在(zai)工作中的(de)職責和作用

監理的(de)主要任(ren)務(wu)是：為業(ye)(ye)主負(fu)(fu)責(ze)、為業(ye)(ye)主服務(wu)、為工程(cheng)(cheng)建設服務(wu)的(de)精神(shen)，對在工程(cheng)(cheng)中出現的(de)安全、質量、進(jin)度、投資(zi)問題進(jin)行(xing)把關；對施(shi)工單(dan)位(wei)之(zhi)間(jian)、施(shi)工單(dan)位(wei)與業(ye)(ye)主之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)關系進(jin)行(xing)協調，使幾方達(da)成一致(zhi)的(de)意(yi)見，各負(fu)(fu)其責(ze)；監督施(shi)工單(dan)位(wei)履行(xing)合同，并公平維護施(shi)工單(dan)位(wei)的(de)合法權益(yi)，保證整個(ge)工程(cheng)(cheng)順利進(jin)行(xing)。

監理(li)單位對(dui)工(gong)(gong)程項目開展監理(li)時，首(shou)先對(dui)整(zheng)個工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)中將會出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)種(zhong)困難進行精心分(fen)析，有針對(dui)性進行有目的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)組織和安排，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程抓安全、保質量、促進度(du)、做到控制、協調有條不紊，真正體現(xian)監理(li)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程中的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)導作用(yong)。

2.正確處理質量與(yu)進度、投資的關系

施工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中、往往存在進(jin)度(du)(du)與質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)矛(mao)盾(dun)，為趕(gan)工(gong)(gong)期而(er)忽視質(zhi)量(liang)、導致質(zhi)量(liang)事故的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。監理(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)應嚴格控制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設質(zhi)量(liang)，處理(li)好進(jin)度(du)(du)與質(zhi)量(liang)關系(xi)，在保證(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)前(qian)提下，采取有效措(cuo)施，加(jia)快施工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)(du)，決不能(neng)以犧牲(sheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)為代(dai)價，盲目追趕(gan)進(jin)度(du)(du)。監理(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)在支付工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)度(du)(du)款時(shi)，嚴格進(jin)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)審核(he)，只(zhi)有現場監理(li)簽證(zheng)(zheng)合格或(huo)已經過驗(yan)收的(de)(de)單元、分布工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、才能(neng)辦理(li)支付簽證(zheng)(zheng)手續。

3.工程(cheng)質量(liang)的控制

3.1 質(zhi)量控制依據

監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)程師應針對(dui)所監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)程的(de)實(shi)際(ji)情況，制定詳細(xi)的(de)監(jian)(jian)理規(gui)劃和(he)監(jian)(jian)理實(shi)施(shi)細(xi)則，根據(ju)工(gong)程建設的(de)需要(yao)派駐現場監(jian)(jian)理人員，對(dui)工(gong)程項(xiang)目建設實(shi)施(shi)全天候、全過程的(de)跟(gen)蹤監(jian)(jian)理。依據(ju)國(guo)家的(de)法律(lv)、法規(gui)、水利技術規(gui)范、規(gui)程、質量評定標準、監(jian)(jian)理合同、施(shi)工(gong)合同、經審(shen)批的(de)設計(ji)、參考招標文件(jian)，施(shi)工(gong)方案的(de)關系，采取事前預防(fang)、事中控(kong)制、事后驗收等手段(duan)，嚴格(ge)控(kong)制建設質量、確保監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)作的(de)穩步展開。

3.2 質(zhi)量體(ti)系的建立與運(yun)行

監理單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)進行工程(cheng)建(jian)設質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制前，應建(jian)立健全質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制體系(xi)，采取有效(xiao)措施(shi)和(he)方(fang)法(fa)，保證質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制工作(zuo)的(de)順利實施(shi)，確保質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制體系(xi)的(de)良(liang)好運行，同(tong)時(shi)，督(du)促施(shi)工單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)建(jian)立健全質(zhi)量(liang)保證體系(xi)，制定施(shi)工質(zhi)量(liang)檢查、施(shi)工質(zhi)量(liang)評定考核(he)制度(du)。

3.3 施工現場的質量控制

監(jian)理(li)(li)作為(wei)公正、公平(ping)的(de)(de)第(di)三方(fang)，在施(shi)工過(guo)程中，要嚴格按照有關規范、監(jian)理(li)(li)合同和(he)施(shi)工合同進行(xing)監(jian)理(li)(li)，協(xie)助質(zhi)量監(jian)督(du)機構批(pi)準后(hou)嚴格執行(xing)。熟悉圖(tu)紙(zhi)、實(shi)行(xing)旁(pang)站(zhan)監(jian)理(li)(li)，了(le)解工程施(shi)工現(xian)場的(de)(de)具體(ti)情(qing)況，及時記錄(lu)發現(xian)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)與處(chu)理(li)(li)結果，及時提醒施(shi)工單(dan)位(wei)注意容易出現(xian)質(zhi)量問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)部(bu)位(wei)，協(xie)助施(shi)工單(dan)位(wei)采取質(zhi)量措施(shi)保(bao)證工程建設質(zhi)量。

4.工期的控制(zhi)

工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)是監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)首要(yao)控制(zhi)點(dian)，為(wei)合理安排計劃工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)，監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師根據各施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)合同工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)，編制(zhi)出直線控制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)網絡(luo)布點(dian)，同時根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)實際情況，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)每道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序所(suo)需(xu)時間等等，會同業主(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)確定(ding)了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時間和(he)(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)，并繪(hui)制(zhi)詳細的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度網絡(luo)圖(tu)。為(wei)避免工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)網絡(luo)進(jin)度圖(tu)有制(zhi)定(ding)無(wu)執行，監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師還(huan)協(xie)助(zhu)業主(zhu)(zhu)同施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)簽定(ding)《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)控制(zhi)管(guan)理制(zhi)度》，在制(zhi)度中指(zhi)出的(de)(de)網絡(luo)圖(tu)作為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)度的(de)(de)指(zhi)導目(mu)標，要(yao)求各單位(wei)(wei)按網絡(luo)圖(tu)進(jin)行施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，并實行獎(jiang)懲制(zhi)度。

5.工程投資(zi)控(kong)制

投(tou)資控制貫(guan)穿(chuan)于項目建設(she)的全過(guo)程(cheng)，要有效的控制項目投(tou)資、應從組織、技術(shu)、經濟、合(he)同(tong)與(yu)信息管(guan)理等多方(fang)面采取措(cuo)施(shi)。在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，依據施(shi)工(gong)合(he)同(tong)有關(guan)條款、施(shi)工(gong)圖、對(dui)(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)項目造(zao)(zao)價(jia)目標進(jin)行風險分析，并制定(ding)(ding)防范(fan)性對(dui)(dui)策，從造(zao)(zao)價(jia)、項目的功(gong)能要求、質(zhi)量和工(gong)期方(fang)面審查工(gong)程(cheng)變(bian)更(geng)(geng)的方(fang)案，并在(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)變(bian)更(geng)(geng)實施(shi)前與(yu)建設(she)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)，承(cheng)包單位(wei)(wei)(wei)協(xie)商確定(ding)(ding)工(gong)程(cheng)變(bian)更(geng)(geng)的價(jia)款。建立月完成(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)量和工(gong)程(cheng)量統(tong)計表，對(dui)(dui)實際完成(cheng)量與(yu)計劃量進(jin)行比較，分析，制定(ding)(ding)調(diao)整(zheng)措(cuo)施(shi)。收集、整(zheng)理有關(guan)的施(shi)工(gong)和建立監理資料(liao)。為處理費用索賠提供(gong)證據，按施(shi)工(gong)合(he)同(tong)的有關(guan)規定(ding)(ding)進(jin)行竣工(gong)決(jue)算，對(dui)(dui)竣工(gong)決(jue)算的價(jia)款總額與(yu)建設(she)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)和承(cheng)包單位(wei)(wei)(wei)進(jin)行協(xie)商。

6.工程安全文明生產的控制(zhi)

安(an)全(quan)是工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)中最重(zhong)要的控制內容(rong)，監理工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師在整個過程(cheng)(cheng)中始終遵循“安(an)全(quan)第一、預防為主”的方針，根(gen)據施工(gong)現場(chang)(chang)人(ren)多、面廣、交叉作業(ye)有針對性的抓(zhua)安(an)全(quan)文明施工(gong)。在單位工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)工(gong)前，要求(qiu)各進入施工(gong)現場(chang)(chang)的人(ren)員(yuan)學(xue)習(xi)《安(an)全(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)》《工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)安(an)全(quan)文明管理制度》使進入現場(chang)(chang)的人(ren)員(yuan)了解整個工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中關(guan)于安(an)全(quan)文明生產的相關(guan)制度和要求(qiu)，做到心中有數。

7.結語

監理單位對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目的(de)管控(kong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)涉及工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)的(de)各(ge)(ge)個方(fang)(fang)(fang)面，直接影響工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、進(jin)度和投資、監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師應協調與(yu)參(can)建各(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)關(guan)系，與(yu)參(can)建各(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理人員一(yi)道，共同控(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，處理好進(jin)度，投資與(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)之間(jian)的(de)關(guan)系，使(shi)其(qi)相互促(cu)進(jin)、相互制(zhi)約，確保(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，注重工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)資料的(de)收集和整理，及時進(jin)行完工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收，使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)早日投入(ru)使(shi)用(yong)，發(fa)揮其(qi)應有的(de)效益。