1.明確監理在工作中的(de)職責和作用

監(jian)理(li)的主(zhu)要任務(wu)是：為(wei)業(ye)主(zhu)負責、為(wei)業(ye)主(zhu)服務(wu)、為(wei)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設服務(wu)的精神，對在工(gong)程(cheng)中出(chu)現(xian)的安全(quan)、質(zhi)量、進度、投(tou)資問(wen)題(ti)進行(xing)(xing)把關；對施工(gong)單位之間(jian)、施工(gong)單位與業(ye)主(zhu)之間(jian)的關系進行(xing)(xing)協(xie)調，使(shi)幾(ji)方(fang)達成一(yi)致的意見，各負其責；監(jian)督施工(gong)單位履(lv)行(xing)(xing)合同，并(bing)公平維護施工(gong)單位的合法(fa)權益，保證整個工(gong)程(cheng)順利進行(xing)(xing)。

監理單位對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目開展監理時，首(shou)先(xian)對(dui)整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)中將會出現(xian)的(de)種種困難進(jin)行(xing)精心分析，有針對(dui)性進(jin)行(xing)有目的(de)的(de)組織(zhi)和安排，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程抓安全(quan)、保質量、促(cu)進(jin)度(du)、做到控制、協調有條(tiao)不紊，真(zhen)正體(ti)現(xian)監理在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程中的(de)主導作用。

2.正確處理(li)質(zhi)量與進度(du)、投(tou)資的關系

施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)、往(wang)往(wang)存在進(jin)度(du)與質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)矛(mao)盾，為趕(gan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期而忽(hu)視質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、導致質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)事故的(de)(de)發生。監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)應嚴格控制工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，處理(li)好進(jin)度(du)與質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)關系，在保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)前提下，采取有效措施(shi)，加快施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)，決不能以犧牲工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)為代(dai)價，盲(mang)目(mu)追趕(gan)進(jin)度(du)。監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)在支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)度(du)款時，嚴格進(jin)行工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)審核，只有現場監(jian)理(li)簽(qian)證(zheng)合格或已經過(guo)驗(yan)收的(de)(de)單元(yuan)、分布工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、才能辦理(li)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)簽(qian)證(zheng)手(shou)續。

3.工程質(zhi)量的控制

3.1 質量控制依據

監(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)師應針對(dui)所監(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)實際(ji)情況，制定(ding)(ding)詳(xiang)細(xi)的(de)(de)監(jian)理(li)(li)規劃和(he)監(jian)理(li)(li)實施(shi)細(xi)則(ze)，根據工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)需要派駐(zhu)現場監(jian)理(li)(li)人員，對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)項目建(jian)(jian)設實施(shi)全天(tian)候(hou)、全過程(cheng)的(de)(de)跟(gen)蹤監(jian)理(li)(li)。依據國家的(de)(de)法(fa)律(lv)、法(fa)規、水(shui)利技術(shu)規范(fan)、規程(cheng)、質量評定(ding)(ding)標(biao)準、監(jian)理(li)(li)合(he)同(tong)、施(shi)工(gong)合(he)同(tong)、經審(shen)批的(de)(de)設計、參(can)考招標(biao)文(wen)件，施(shi)工(gong)方案的(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)，采取事前預防(fang)、事中控制、事后驗收等手段，嚴格控制建(jian)(jian)設質量、確保(bao)監(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)作的(de)(de)穩步展開。

3.2 質量體系的建立與運行

監理單位(wei)進行(xing)工(gong)程建(jian)(jian)設質量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)前，應(ying)建(jian)(jian)立(li)健(jian)全質量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)，采取(qu)有效(xiao)措施和方法(fa)，保(bao)證質量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作的(de)順利實施，確保(bao)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)的(de)良好運行(xing)，同時，督促施工(gong)單位(wei)建(jian)(jian)立(li)健(jian)全質量(liang)(liang)(liang)保(bao)證體系(xi)(xi)，制(zhi)(zhi)定施工(gong)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)檢查、施工(gong)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)評定考核制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。

3.3 施工(gong)現場(chang)的質量控制

監理(li)(li)作為公(gong)正、公(gong)平(ping)的第三方，在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)中，要嚴(yan)格按照有關規(gui)范、監理(li)(li)合同(tong)(tong)和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)合同(tong)(tong)進行監理(li)(li)，協助質(zhi)量監督機構批準(zhun)后(hou)嚴(yan)格執行。熟悉圖(tu)紙、實行旁站(zhan)監理(li)(li)，了解工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場的具體情(qing)況(kuang)，及時記(ji)錄(lu)發(fa)現(xian)的問題與處理(li)(li)結果，及時提醒(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位注(zhu)意容易出(chu)現(xian)質(zhi)量問題的部位，協助施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位采取質(zhi)量措施(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)證工(gong)程(cheng)建設質(zhi)量。

4.工期的(de)控(kong)制

工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期是監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)首要(yao)控制點，為(wei)合理安(an)排計劃工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期，監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師根據各施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)合同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期，編制出直線控制工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)和網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)布點，同(tong)時根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際情況，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位每道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)所(suo)需時間(jian)等等，會同(tong)業(ye)(ye)主和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位確定了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時間(jian)和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期，并繪制詳(xiang)細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度(du)(du)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)圖(tu)(tu)。為(wei)避免工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)進度(du)(du)圖(tu)(tu)有制定無執行，監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師還協(xie)助業(ye)(ye)主同(tong)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位簽定《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期控制管理制度(du)(du)》，在制度(du)(du)中指出的(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)圖(tu)(tu)作為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指導目標，要(yao)求(qiu)各單(dan)位按網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)圖(tu)(tu)進行施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，并實行獎懲制度(du)(du)。

5.工程投資控制

投(tou)(tou)資控(kong)制貫穿于項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全過程(cheng)，要(yao)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制項(xiang)目(mu)投(tou)(tou)資、應從組織、技(ji)術(shu)、經(jing)濟、合(he)同與(yu)(yu)(yu)信(xin)息管理(li)等多方面(mian)采取措施(shi)。在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中，依據(ju)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)同有(you)關條款(kuan)(kuan)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)、對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)造價(jia)目(mu)標(biao)進行(xing)(xing)風險分析，并(bing)制定防范(fan)性對(dui)策(ce)，從造價(jia)、項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能要(yao)求(qiu)、質量和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期方面(mian)審查(cha)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)變更的(de)(de)(de)(de)方案(an)，并(bing)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)變更實施(shi)前與(yu)(yu)(yu)建(jian)設(she)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)，承(cheng)包(bao)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)協商(shang)確定工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)變更的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)款(kuan)(kuan)。建(jian)立月完成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量統計表(biao)，對(dui)實際完成(cheng)量與(yu)(yu)(yu)計劃量進行(xing)(xing)比較，分析，制定調整措施(shi)。收集、整理(li)有(you)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)建(jian)立監理(li)資料(liao)。為處理(li)費用索賠提供證據(ju)，按施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)關規定進行(xing)(xing)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)決算，對(dui)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)決算的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)款(kuan)(kuan)總額與(yu)(yu)(yu)建(jian)設(she)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)和(he)承(cheng)包(bao)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)進行(xing)(xing)協商(shang)。

6.工程安全文明生產(chan)的控制

安(an)全(quan)是工程施(shi)工中(zhong)最重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)控制內(nei)容，監理工程師在整(zheng)個(ge)過程中(zhong)始終遵循“安(an)全(quan)第(di)一、預防為主”的(de)(de)方針(zhen)，根(gen)據施(shi)工現場(chang)人(ren)多、面廣(guang)、交叉作業有針(zhen)對性(xing)的(de)(de)抓安(an)全(quan)文(wen)明施(shi)工。在單位工程開工前，要(yao)求各進入施(shi)工現場(chang)的(de)(de)人(ren)員學習《安(an)全(quan)規程》《工程安(an)全(quan)文(wen)明管理制度(du)》使進入現場(chang)的(de)(de)人(ren)員了(le)解(jie)整(zheng)個(ge)工程中(zhong)關于(yu)安(an)全(quan)文(wen)明生產(chan)的(de)(de)相關制度(du)和要(yao)求，做到心中(zhong)有數。

7.結語(yu)

監(jian)理(li)(li)單(dan)位對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目的管控工(gong)(gong)(gong)作涉(she)及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)的各個方面(mian)，直接影(ying)響工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、進(jin)度和(he)投資、監(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師應(ying)協調與(yu)參建(jian)各方的關系，與(yu)參建(jian)各方的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)人(ren)員一道，共同控制工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，處理(li)(li)好進(jin)度，投資與(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制之間的關系，使其相互促進(jin)、相互制約，確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，注重工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)資料(liao)的收(shou)集和(he)整理(li)(li)，及(ji)時(shi)進(jin)行完工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)，使工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)早日投入使用，發揮其應(ying)有的效益。