1.明確監理在(zai)工作中的職(zhi)責和作用

監理的主(zhu)要任務(wu)是：為業(ye)主(zhu)負(fu)責、為業(ye)主(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)、為工(gong)程建設服(fu)務(wu)的精神(shen)，對(dui)在工(gong)程中出現(xian)的安(an)全、質量、進(jin)度、投資(zi)問題進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)把關；對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)(wei)之間、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)(wei)與業(ye)主(zhu)之間的關系進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)協(xie)調(diao)，使幾方達成一致的意見，各負(fu)其(qi)責；監督施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)(wei)履行(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)同，并公平維護施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)(wei)的合(he)法權益(yi)，保(bao)證整個(ge)工(gong)程順利(li)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。

監理單位(wei)對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)開展監理時，首先對整個工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)將會(hui)出(chu)現的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)困難進(jin)行(xing)精心分析，有針對性進(jin)行(xing)有目(mu)的(de)的(de)組織(zhi)和(he)安排，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)抓(zhua)安全、保質量、促進(jin)度(du)、做到控(kong)制、協調有條(tiao)不紊，真正體現監理在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)主導(dao)作用。

2.正確處理質(zhi)量與進度、投資(zi)的關系

施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)、往往存在進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度與(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的矛盾，為趕工(gong)(gong)(gong)期而(er)忽視質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、導致質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)事故的發生。監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)應(ying)嚴格(ge)控制工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，處理好進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度與(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)關系，在保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的前提下，采取有效(xiao)措施(shi)，加快(kuai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度，決不能以犧牲工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)為代價，盲(mang)目追趕進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度。監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)在支(zhi)付工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度款時，嚴格(ge)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)審核，只(zhi)有現場監(jian)(jian)理簽證合格(ge)或已經過驗(yan)收的單元(yuan)、分布工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、才能辦理支(zhi)付簽證手續。

3.工程質量的控制

3.1 質量(liang)控制依據

監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)程師應(ying)針對所監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)程的(de)實(shi)(shi)際情況，制(zhi)定(ding)詳細(xi)的(de)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)規(gui)劃和(he)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)施細(xi)則，根據工(gong)程建設的(de)需(xu)要派(pai)駐(zhu)現場監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員，對工(gong)程項目建設實(shi)(shi)施全(quan)天候、全(quan)過(guo)程的(de)跟蹤(zong)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)。依據國家(jia)的(de)法律、法規(gui)、水(shui)利技術(shu)規(gui)范、規(gui)程、質量(liang)評定(ding)標(biao)準、監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)合(he)同、施工(gong)合(he)同、經(jing)審批的(de)設計、參考招(zhao)標(biao)文件，施工(gong)方案的(de)關系，采取事前預防、事中控制(zhi)、事后驗(yan)收等手段，嚴格控制(zhi)建設質量(liang)、確保監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作的(de)穩步展(zhan)開。

3.2 質量體系的建立(li)與運(yun)行

監理(li)單位進行(xing)工程建設質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)前，應建立健(jian)全(quan)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)體系，采取有效(xiao)措施(shi)(shi)和方法(fa)，保(bao)證(zheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)工作的順利實施(shi)(shi)，確保(bao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)體系的良好運行(xing)，同(tong)時，督(du)促施(shi)(shi)工單位建立健(jian)全(quan)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)保(bao)證(zheng)體系，制(zhi)(zhi)定施(shi)(shi)工質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)檢查、施(shi)(shi)工質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)評定考核制(zhi)(zhi)度。

3.3 施工(gong)現(xian)場的質量控(kong)制

監(jian)理作為公(gong)正、公(gong)平的(de)第三方，在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中，要嚴格按(an)照(zhao)有關規范、監(jian)理合同(tong)和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合同(tong)進行監(jian)理，協助質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)督機構批準后嚴格執(zhi)行。熟(shu)悉(xi)圖紙、實(shi)行旁站監(jian)理，了(le)解(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場的(de)具體情況，及時記錄發現的(de)問題與處理結(jie)果，及時提醒施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位注意容易出現質(zhi)量(liang)問題的(de)部位，協助施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位采取質(zhi)量(liang)措施保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設質(zhi)量(liang)。

4.工期的(de)控制

工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)是監(jian)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)首要控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)，為(wei)合理安排計劃(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)，監(jian)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師根據各(ge)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)合同工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)，編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出直線控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)和(he)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)布(bu)點(dian)，同時(shi)根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)實際情況，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)每(mei)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序所需時(shi)間等等，會(hui)同業(ye)主和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)確定了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)間和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)，并繪制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)詳細的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)圖(tu)。為(wei)避免工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)進(jin)(jin)度(du)圖(tu)有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定無執行(xing)，監(jian)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師還協(xie)助業(ye)主同施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)簽(qian)定《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)》，在制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)中指出的(de)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)圖(tu)作(zuo)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)度(du)的(de)指導目標，要求各(ge)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)按網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)圖(tu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，并實行(xing)獎懲制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。

5.工程(cheng)投資(zi)控(kong)制

投資(zi)控(kong)制貫穿于項目(mu)(mu)建設(she)的(de)全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，要(yao)有效(xiao)的(de)控(kong)制項目(mu)(mu)投資(zi)、應從(cong)組織、技(ji)術、經濟、合同與信息(xi)管理(li)等(deng)多方(fang)面(mian)采(cai)取(qu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，依據(ju)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合同有關條款(kuan)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖、對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)造(zao)價(jia)目(mu)(mu)標進行風險分(fen)析(xi)，并制定(ding)防范性對(dui)策，從(cong)造(zao)價(jia)、項目(mu)(mu)的(de)功能(neng)要(yao)求、質量(liang)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期方(fang)面(mian)審查工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)變(bian)更的(de)方(fang)案，并在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)變(bian)更實(shi)施(shi)(shi)前(qian)與建設(she)單(dan)位(wei)，承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)單(dan)位(wei)協(xie)商確定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)變(bian)更的(de)價(jia)款(kuan)。建立月完成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)統計表，對(dui)實(shi)際完成量(liang)與計劃(hua)量(liang)進行比較，分(fen)析(xi)，制定(ding)調整措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。收集、整理(li)有關的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和建立監理(li)資(zi)料。為(wei)處理(li)費用索賠提供證據(ju)，按施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合同的(de)有關規(gui)定(ding)進行竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)決算，對(dui)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)決算的(de)價(jia)款(kuan)總額與建設(she)單(dan)位(wei)和承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)單(dan)位(wei)進行協(xie)商。

6.工程安全文(wen)明生產的控制

安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)是工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)中最重要的(de)控制(zhi)內(nei)容，監(jian)理(li)工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)在整個過程(cheng)中始終(zhong)遵循“安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)第一、預防為主”的(de)方(fang)針(zhen)，根(gen)據施工(gong)現(xian)場(chang)人多、面廣、交叉作業有針(zhen)對性的(de)抓安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)文(wen)明(ming)施工(gong)。在單(dan)位工(gong)程(cheng)開工(gong)前(qian)，要求各進入施工(gong)現(xian)場(chang)的(de)人員(yuan)學(xue)習《安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)》《工(gong)程(cheng)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)文(wen)明(ming)管理(li)制(zhi)度》使進入現(xian)場(chang)的(de)人員(yuan)了(le)解(jie)整個工(gong)程(cheng)中關于安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)文(wen)明(ming)生產的(de)相關制(zhi)度和(he)要求，做到心中有數(shu)。

7.結(jie)語

監理(li)單位對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目的(de)(de)管控(kong)工(gong)作涉及工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)各個方面，直接影響(xiang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)質量(liang)(liang)、進度(du)和投資、監理(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師應協調與參建各方的(de)(de)關(guan)系，與參建各方的(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)管理(li)人員一道，共同控(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)質量(liang)(liang)，處(chu)理(li)好進度(du)，投資與質量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)之間的(de)(de)關(guan)系，使(shi)其(qi)相(xiang)互(hu)促進、相(xiang)互(hu)制(zhi)約(yue)，確(que)保(bao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)質量(liang)(liang)，注重工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)資料的(de)(de)收集(ji)和整(zheng)理(li)，及時進行完(wan)工(gong)驗收，使(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)早日投入使(shi)用，發(fa)揮其(qi)應有的(de)(de)效益。